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X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication.X.25 is a packet switching technology which uses carrier switch to provide connectivity for many different networks. For your exam you should know below information about WAN Technologies:  The following answers are incorrect:Point-to-point protocol - PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a protocol for communication between two computers using a serial interface, typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server. Frame Relay - The Frame relay cloud is the collection of DCE that provides that provides switching and data communication functionality. Frame relay is any to any service. ISDN -Enables data, voice and other types of traffic to travel over a medium in a digital manner previously used only for analog voice transmission. Same copper telephone wire is used. Provide digital point-to-point circuit switching medium. The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 266

Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) - Usually a customer owned device that provides connectivity between company's own network and the frame relay's network. For your exam you should know below information about WAN Technologies:  Point-to-point protocol PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a protocol for communication between two computers using a serial interface, typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server. For example, your Internet server provider may provide you with a PPP connection so that the provider's server can respond to your requests, pass them on to the Internet, and forward your requested Internet responses back to you. PPP uses the Internet protocol (IP) (and is designed to handle other protocol as well). It is sometimes considered a member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. Relative to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model, PPP provides layer 2 (data-link layer) service. Essentially, it packages your computer's TCP/IP packets and forwards them to the server where they can actually be put on the Internet.   PPP is a full-duplex protocol that can be used on various physical media, including twisted pair or fiber optic lines or satellite transmission. It uses a variation of High Speed Data Link Control (HDLC) for packet encapsulation.   PPP is usually preferred over the earlier de facto standard Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) because it can handle synchronous as well as asynchronous communication. PPP can share a line with other users and it has error detection that SLIP lacks. Where a choice is possible, PPP is preferred.   Point-to-point protocol      Image from:http://withfriendship.com/images/g/31728/a-pointtopoint-protocol.pngX.25    X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication.  X.25 is a packet switching technology which uses carrier switch to provide connectivity for many different networks.  Subscribers are charged based on amount of bandwidth they use. Data are divided into 128 bytes and encapsulated in High Level Data Link Control (HDLC).  X.25 works at network and data link layer of an OSI model.   X.25    Image from:http://www.sangoma.com/assets/images/content/tutorials_x25_1.gif    Frame Relay Works as packet switching Operates at data link layer of an OSI model Companies that pay more to ensure that a higher level of bandwidth will always be available, pay a committed information rate or CIR  Two main types of equipment’s are used in Frame Relay 1. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) - Usually a customer owned device that provides connectivity between company's own network and the frame relay's network.   2. Data Circuit Terminal Equipment (DCE) - Service provider device that does the actual data transmission and switching in the frame relay cloud.   The Frame relay cloud is the collection of DCE that provides that provides switching and data communication functionality. Frame relay is any to any service.   Frame Relay    Image from: http://www.cpcstech.com/images/frame-2.jpgIntegrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)   Enables data, voice and other types of traffic to travel over a medium in a digital manner previously used only for analog voice transmission. Runs on top of the Plain Old Telephone System (POTS). The same copper telephone wire is used. Provide digital point-to-point circuit switching medium.   ISDN    Image from: http://www.hw-server.com/obrazek/network_topologyAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Uses Cell switching method High speed network technology used for LAN, MAN and WAN Like frame relay it is connection oriented technology which creates and uses fixed channel Data are segmented into fixed size cell of 53 bytes Some companies have replaces FDDI back-end with ATM  Asynchronous Transfer Mode    Image from: http://html.rincondelvago.com/000050700.pngMultiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a standard-approved technology for speeding up network traffic flow and making things easier to manage.MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of packets, identified by a label put in each packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to look up the address to the next node to forward the packet to. MPLS is called multiprotocol because it works with the Internet Protocol (IP), Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM), and frame relay network protocols. In reference to the Open Systems Interconnection, or OSI model, MPLS allows most packets to be forwarded at Layer 2 (switching) level rather than at the Layer 3 (routing) level. In addition to moving traffic faster overall, MPLS makes it easy to manage a network for quality of service (QoS). For these reasons, the technique is expected to be readily adopted as networks begin to carry more and different mixtures of traffic. MPLS    Image from: http://www.carrierbid.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/mpls1.gif  The following answers are incorrect:DCE - Data Circuit Terminal Equipment (DCE) is a service provider device that does the actual data transmission and switching in the frame relay cloud. DME – Not a valid frame relay technique DLE – Not a valid frame relay technique The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 266

Data Circuit Terminal Equipment (DCE) is a service provider device that does the actual data transmission and switching in the frame relay cloud. For your exam you should know below information about WAN Technologies:  Point-to-point protocol PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a protocol for communication between two computers using a serial interface, typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server. For example, your Internet server provider may provide you with a PPP connection so that the provider's server can respond to your requests, pass them on to the Internet, and forward your requested Internet responses back to you. PPP uses the Internet protocol (IP) (and is designed to handle others). It is sometimes considered a member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. Relative to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model, PPP provides layer 2 (data-link layer) service. Essentially, it packages your computer's TCP/IP packets and forwards them to the server where they can actually be put on the Internet.   PPP is a full-duplex protocol that can be used on various physical media, including twisted pair or fiber optic lines or satellite transmission. It uses a variation of High Speed Data Link Control (HDLC) for packet encapsulation.   PPP is usually preferred over the earlier de facto standard Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) because it can handle synchronous as well as asynchronous communication. PPP can share a line with other users and it has error detection that SLIP lacks. Where a choice is possible, PPP is preferred.      Point-to-point protocol X.25  X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication.  X.25 is a packet switching technology which uses carrier switch to provide connectivity for many different networks.  Subscribers are charged based on amount of bandwidth they use. Data are divided into 128 bytes and encapsulated in High Level Data Link Control (HDLC).  X.25 works at network and data link layer of an OSI model.   X.25    Frame Relay Works on a packet switching Operates at data link layer of an OSI model Companies that pay more to ensure that a higher level of bandwidth will always be available, pay a committed information rate or CIR Two main types of equipments are used in Frame Relay 1. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) - Usually a customer owned device that provides a connectivity between company's own network and the frame relay's network.   2. Data Circuit Terminal Equipment (DCE) - Service provider device that does the actual data transmission and switching in the frame relay cloud.   The Frame relay cloud is the collection of DCE that provides that provides switching and data communication functionality. Frame relay is any to any service. Frame Relay Integrated Service Digital Network Enables data, voice and other types of traffic to travel over a medium in a digital manner previously used only for analog voice transmission. Same copper telephone wire is used. Provide digital point-to-point circuit switching medium   ISDN    Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Uses Cell switching method High speed network technology used for LAN, MAN and WAN Like a frame relay it is connection oriented technology which creates and uses fixed channel Data are segmented into fixed size cell of 53 bytes Some companies have replaces FDDI back-end with ATM   Asynchronous Transfer Mode      Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a standards-approved technology for speeding up network traffic flow and making it easier to manage. MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of packets, identified by a label put in each packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to look up the address to the next node to forward the packet to. MPLS is called multiprotocol because it works with the Internet Protocol (IP), Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM), and frame relay network protocols. With reference to the standard model for a network (the Open Systems Interconnection, or OSI model), MPLS allows most packets to be forwarded at the Layer 2 (switching) level rather than at the Layer 3 (routing) level. In addition to moving traffic faster overall, MPLS makes it easy to manage a network for quality of service (QoS). For these reasons, the technique is expected to be readily adopted as networks begin to carry more and different mixtures of traffic. MPLS    The following answers are incorrect:DTE - Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) is usually a customer owned device that provides a connectivity between company's own network and the frame relay's network.   DME – Not a valid frame relay technique DLE – Not a valid frame relay technique The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 266

The keyword INCORRECTLY is used within the question. You need to find out a statement which was incorrectly describe Asynchronous Transfer Mode.ATM operates at data link layer of an OSI model For your exam you should know below information about WAN Technologies:  Point-to-point protocol PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a protocol for communication between two computers using a serial interface, typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server. For example, your Internet server provider may provide you with a PPP connection so that the provider's server can respond to your requests, pass them on to the Internet, and forward your requested Internet responses back to you. PPP uses the Internet protocol (IP) (and is designed to handle others). It is sometimes considered a member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. Relative to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model, PPP provides layer 2 (data-link layer) service. Essentially, it packages your computer's TCP/IP packets and forwards them to the server where they can actually be put on the Internet.   PPP is a full-duplex protocol that can be used on various physical media, including twisted pair or fiber optic lines or satellite transmission. It uses a variation of High Speed Data Link Control (HDLC) for packet encapsulation.   PPP is usually preferred over the earlier de facto standard Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) because it can handle synchronous as well as asynchronous communication. PPP can share a line with other users and it has error detection that SLIP lacks. Where a choice is possible, PPP is preferred. Point-to-point protocol X.25  X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication.  X.25 is a packet switching technology which uses carrier switch to provide connectivity for many different networks.  Subscribers are charged based on amount of bandwidth they use. Data are divided into 128 bytes and encapsulated in High Level Data Link Control (HDLC).  X.25 works at network and data link layer of an OSI model.      X.25 Frame Relay Works on a packet switching Operates at data link layer of an OSI model Companies that pay more to ensure that a higher level of bandwidth will always be available, pay a committed information rate or CIR Two main types of equipment’s are used in Frame Relay 1. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) - Usually a customer owned device that provides a connectivity between company's own network and the frame relay's network.   2. Data Circuit Terminal Equipment (DCE) - Service provider device that does the actual data transmission and switching in the frame relay cloud.   The Frame relay cloud is the collection of DCE that provides that provides switching and data communication functionality. Frame relay is any to any service.      Frame Relay Integrated Service Digital Network   Enables data, voice and other types of traffic to travel over a medium in a digital manner previously used only for analog voice transmission. Same copper telephone wire is used.    Provide digital point-to-point circuit switching medium.   ISDN Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Uses Cell switching method High speed network technology used for LAN, MAN and WAN Like a frame relay it is connection oriented technology which creates and uses fixed channel Data are segmented into fixed size cell of 53 bytes Some companies have replaces FDDI back-end with ATM      Asynchronous Transfer Mode Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a standards-approved technology for speeding up network traffic flow and making it easier to manage. MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of packets, identified by a label put in each packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to look up the address to the next node to forward the packet to. MPLS is called multiprotocol because it works with the Internet Protocol (IP), Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM), and frame relay network protocols. With reference to the standard model for a network (the Open Systems Interconnection, or OSI model), MPLS allows most packets to be forwarded at the Layer 2 (switching) level rather than at the Layer 3 (routing) level. In addition to moving traffic faster overall, MPLS makes it easy to manage a network for quality of service (QoS). For these reasons, the technique is expected to be readily adopted as networks begin to carry more and different mixtures of traffic. MPLS    The following answers are incorrect:The other options presented correctly describes Asynchronous Transfer Mode. The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 266

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a standards-approved technology for speeding up network traffic flow and making it easier to manage. MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of packets, identified by a label put in each packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to look up the address to the next node to forward the packet to. MPLS is called multiprotocol because it works with the Internet Protocol (IP), Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM), and frame relay network protocols. With reference to the standard model for a network (the Open Systems Interconnection, or OSI model), MPLS allows most packets to be forwarded at the Layer 2 (switching) level rather than at the Layer 3 (routing) level. In addition to moving traffic faster overall, MPLS makes it easy to manage a network for quality of service (QoS). For these reasons, the technique is expected to be readily adopted as networks begin to carry more and different mixtures of traffic. For your exam you should know below information about WAN Technologies:  Point-to-point protocol PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a protocol for communication between two computers using a serial interface, typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server. For example, your Internet server provider may provide you with a PPP connection so that the provider's server can respond to your requests, pass them on to the Internet, and forward your requested Internet responses back to you. PPP uses the Internet protocol (IP) (and is designed to handle others). It is sometimes considered a member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. Relative to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model, PPP provides layer 2 (data-link layer) service. Essentially, it packages your computer's TCP/IP packets and forwards them to the server where they can actually be put on the Internet.   PPP is a full-duplex protocol that can be used on various physical media, including twisted pair or fiber optic lines or satellite transmission. It uses a variation of High Speed Data Link Control (HDLC) for packet encapsulation.   PPP is usually preferred over the earlier de facto standard Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) because it can handle synchronous as well as asynchronous communication. PPP can share a line with other users and it has error detection that SLIP lacks. Where a choice is possible, PPP is preferred.   Point-to-point protocol X.25  X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication.  X.25 is a packet switching technology which uses carrier switch to provide connectivity for many different networks.  Subscribers are charged based on amount of bandwidth they use. Data are divided into 128 bytes and encapsulated in High Level Data Link Control (HDLC).  X.25 works at network and data link layer of an OSI model.       X.25 Frame Relay Works on a packet switching Operates at data link layer of an OSI model Companies that pay more to ensure that a higher level of bandwidth will always be available, pay a committed information rate or CIR Two main types of equipment’s are used in Frame Relay 1. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) - Usually a customer owned device that provides a connectivity between company's own network and the frame relay's network.   2. Data Circuit Terminal Equipment (DCE) - Service provider device that does the actual data transmission and switching in the frame relay cloud.   The Frame relay cloud is the collection of DCE that provides that provides switching and data communication functionality. Frame relay is any to any service.   Frame Relay Integrated Service Digital Network   Enables data, voice and other types of traffic to travel over a medium in a digital manner previously used only for analog voice transmission. Same copper telephone wire is used. Provide digital point-to-point circuit switching medium. ISDN Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Uses Cell switching method High speed network technology used for LAN, MAN and WAN Like a frame relay it is connection oriented technology which creates and uses fixed channel Data are segmented into fixed size cell of 53 bytes Some companies have replaces FDDI back-end with ATM   Asynchronous Transfer Mode      Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a standards-approved technology for speeding up network traffic flow and making it easier to manage. MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of packets, identified by a label put in each packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to look up the address to the next node to forward the packet to. MPLS is called multiprotocol because it works with the Internet Protocol (IP), Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM), and frame relay network protocols. With reference to the standard model for a network (the Open Systems Interconnection, or OSI model), MPLS allows most packets to be forwarded at the Layer 2 (switching) level rather than at the Layer 3 (routing) level. In addition to moving traffic faster overall, MPLS makes it easy to manage a network for quality of service (QoS). For these reasons, the technique is expected to be readily adopted as networks begin to carry more and different mixtures of traffic. MPLS    The following answers are incorrect:X.25 - X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication.X.25 is a packet switching technology which uses carrier switch to provide connectivity for many different networks. Point-to-point protocol - PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is a protocol for communication between two computers using a serial interface, typically a personal computer connected by phone line to a server. ISDN -Enables data, voice and other types of traffic to travel over a medium in a digital manner previously used only for analog voice transmission. The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 266

Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. For your exam you should know below information about transmission media:Copper Cable  Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Copper has been used in electric wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s.The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor. Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Copper Cable     Coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced 'ko.aks), is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880.Coaxial cable differs from other shielded cable used for carrying lower-frequency signals, such as audio signals, in that the dimensions of the cable are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a radio frequency transmission line. Coaxial cable is expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video.     Coaxial Cable Fiber optics An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Different types of cable are used for different applications, for example long distance telecommunication, or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building. Fiber optics used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video.   Fiber Optics     Radio System Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to intercept.  Radio is the radiation (wireless transmission) of electromagnetic signals through the atmosphere or free space. Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form. Microwave radio system Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in small numbers of centimeter; these are called microwaves. Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio waves can. Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy. Microwave radio systems are carriers for voice data signal, cheap and easy to tap. Microwave Radio System Satellite Radio Link Satellite radio is a radio service broadcast from satellites primarily to cars, with the signal broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations. It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio. Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to intercept. The following answers are incorrect:Fiber optics - Fiber optics cables are used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video. Radio System - Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to tap.  Satellite Radio Link - Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap. The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 265

Fiber optics cables are used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video. For your exam you should know below information about transmission media:Copper Cable  Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Copper has been used in electric wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s.The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor. Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Copper Cable  Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced 'ko.aks), is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880.Coaxial cable differs from other shielded cable used for carrying lower-frequency signals, such as audio signals, in that the dimensions of the cable are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a radio frequency transmission line. Coaxial cable is expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video.    Coaxial Cable Fiber optics An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Different types of cable are used for different applications, for example long distance telecommunication, or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building. Fiber optics used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video. Fiber Optics   Microwave radio system Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in small numbers of centimeter; these are called microwaves. Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio waves can. Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy. Microwave radio systems are carriers for voice data signal, cheap and easy to intercept.   Microwave Radio System Satellite Radio Link Satellite radio is a radio service broadcast from satellites primarily to cars, with the signal broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations. It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio. Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to intercept. Radio System Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to intercept.  Radio is the radiation (wireless transmission) of electromagnetic signals through the atmosphere or free space. Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form. The following answers are incorrect:Copper Cable- Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Radio System - Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to tap.  Satellite Radio Link - Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap. The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 265

Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and are easy to intercept. For your exam you should know below information about transmission media:Copper Cable  Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Copper has been used in electric wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s.The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor. Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Copper Cable Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced 'ko.aks), is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880.Coaxial cable differs from other shielded cable used for carrying lower-frequency signals, such as audio signals, in that the dimensions of the cable are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a radio frequency transmission line. Coaxial cable is expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video.    Coaxial Cable Fiber optics An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Different types of cable are used for different applications, for example long distance telecommunication, or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building. Fiber optics used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video.      Fiber Optics Microwave radio system Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in small numbers of centimeter; these are called microwaves. Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio waves can. Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy. Microwave radio systems are carriers for voice data signal, cheap and easy to tap. Microwave Radio System    Satellite Radio Link Satellite radio is a radio service broadcast from satellites primarily to cars, with the signal broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations. It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio. Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to intercept. Radio System Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to intercept.  Radio is the radiation (wireless transmission) of electromagnetic signals through the atmosphere or free space. Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form. The following answers are incorrect:Copper Cable- Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Fiber optics - Fiber optics cables are used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video. Coaxial cable - Coaxial cable are expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 265

Fiber optics cables are used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video. For your exam you should know below information about transmission media:Copper Cable  Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Copper has been used in electric wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s.The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor. Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Copper Cable     Coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced 'ko.aks), is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880.Coaxial cable differs from other shielded cable used for carrying lower-frequency signals, such as audio signals, in that the dimensions of the cable are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a radio frequency transmission line. Coaxial cable is expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video.   Coaxial Cable     Fiber optics An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Different types of cable are used for different applications, for example long distance telecommunication, or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building. Fiber optics used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video.   Fiber Optics    Microwave radio system Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in small numbers of centimeter; these are called microwaves. Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio waves can. Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy. Microwave radio systems are carriers for voice data signal, cheap and easy to intercept.   Microwave Radio System    Satellite Radio Link Satellite radio is a radio service broadcast from satellites primarily to cars, with the signal broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations. It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio. Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to intercept. Radio System Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to tap.  Radio is the radiation (wireless transmission) of electromagnetic signals through the atmosphere or free space. Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form. The following answers are incorrect:Copper Cable- Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Satellite Radio Link - Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap. Coaxial cable - Coaxial cable are expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 265

Fiber optics cables are used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video. For your exam you should know below information about transmission media:Copper Cable  Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Copper has been used in electric wiring since the invention of the electromagnet and the telegraph in the 1820s.The invention of the telephone in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor. Copper is the electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Copper Cable     Coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced 'ko.aks), is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer sheath or jacket. The term coaxial comes from the inner conductor and the outer shield sharing a geometric axis. Coaxial cable was invented by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside, who patented the design in 1880.Coaxial cable differs from other shielded cable used for carrying lower-frequency signals, such as audio signals, in that the dimensions of the cable are controlled to give a precise, constant conductor spacing, which is needed for it to function efficiently as a radio frequency transmission line. Coaxial cable is expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video. Coaxial Cable     Fiber optics An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Different types of cable are used for different applications, for example long distance telecommunication, or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building. Fiber optics used for long distance, hard to splice, not vulnerable to cross talk and difficult to tap. It supports voice data, image and video.  Radio System Radio systems are used for short distance, cheap and easy to tap.  Radio is the radiation (wireless transmission) of electromagnetic signals through the atmosphere or free space. Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.   Fiber Optics    Microwave radio system Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting information or energy by the use of radio waves whose wavelengths are conveniently measured in small numbers of centimeter; these are called microwaves. Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio waves can. Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy. Microwave radio systems are carriers for voice data signal, cheap and easy to tap.   Microwave Radio System    Satellite Radio Link Satellite radio is a radio service broadcast from satellites primarily to cars, with the signal broadcast nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations. It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio. Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap. The following answers are incorrect:Copper Cable- Copper cable is very simple to install and easy to tap. It is used mostly for short distance and supports voice and data. Satellite Radio Link - Satellite radio link uses transponder to send information and easy to tap. Coaxial cable - Coaxial cable are expensive and does not support many LAN's. It supports data and video The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:CISA review manual 2014 page number 265