Download Fortinet NSE 4 -FortiOS 7-2.NSE4_FGT-7.2.2passeasy.2025-05-21.85q.vcex

FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide (p.59): "When configuring your firewall policy, you can use Internet Service as the destination in a firewall policy, which contains all the IP addresses, ports, and protocols used by that service. For the same reason, you cannot mix regular address objects with ISDB objects, and you cannot select services on a firewall policy. The ISDB objects already have services information, which is hardcoded."This is true because Internet Service is a special type of destination object that can only be used alone in a firewall policy. Internet Service is a feature that allows FortiGate to identify and filter traffic based on the internet service or application that it belongs to, such as Facebook, YouTube, Skype, etc. Internet Service uses a database of IP addresses and ports that are associated with each internet service or application, and updates it regularly from FortiGuard. When Internet Service is selected as the destination in a firewall policy, FortiGate will match the traffic to the corresponding internet service or application, and apply the appropriate action and security profiles to it. However, Internet Service cannot be combined with any other destination object, such as IP address, FQDN address, user or user group, etc., as this would create a conflict or ambiguity in the firewall policy. Therefore, no other object can be added if Internet Service is already selected as the destination in a firewall policy

When a packet arrives, how does FortiGate find a matching policy? Each policy has match criteria, which you can define using the following objects:Incoming InterfaceOutgoing InterfaceSource: IP address, user, internet servicesDestination: IP address or internet servicesService: IP protocol and port numberSchedule: Applies during configured times

An antivirus profile in full scan mode buffers up to your specified file size limit. The default is 10 MB. That is large enough for most files, except video files. If your FortiGate model has more RAM, you may be able to increase this threshold. Without a limit, very large files could exhaust the scan memory. So, this threshold balances risk and performance. Is this tradeoff unique to FortiGate, or to a specific model? No. Regardless of vendor or model, you must make a choice. This is because of the difference between scans in theory, that have no limits, and scans on real-world devices, that have finite RAM. In order to detect 100% of malware regardless of file size, a firewall would need infinitely large RAM--something that no device has in the real world. Most viruses are very small. This table shows a typical tradeoff. You can see that with the default 10 MB threshold, only 0.01% of viruses pass through.FortiGate Security 7.2 Study Guide (p.350 & 352): "In flow-based inspection mode, the IPS engine reads the payload of each packet, caches a local copy, and forwards the packet to the receiver at the same time. Because the file is ransmitted simultaneously, flow-based mode consumes more CPU cycles than proxy-based." "Each protocol’s proxy picks up a connection and buffers the entire file first (or waits until the oversize limit is reached) before scanning. The client must wait for the scanning to finish."

http://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/6.0.0/handbook/240599/application-control

FortiGate Infrastructure 7.2 Study Guide (p.41): "The RPF check is a mechanism that protects FortiGate and your network from IP spoofing attacks by checking for a return path to the source in the routing table." "FortiGate performs an RPF check only on the first packet of a new session. That is, after the first packet passes the RPF check and FortiGate accepts the session, FortiGate doesn’t perform any additional RPF checks on that session."* A. The RPF check is a mechanism that protects FortiGate and the network from IP spoofing attacks.This is true because the RPF check verifies that the source IP address of an incoming packet matches the reverse route for that address, meaning that the packet came from a legitimate source and not from an attacker who is trying to impersonate another host. This prevents IP spoofing attacks, where an attacker sends packets with a forged source IP address to bypass security policies or launch denial-of-service attacks1* C. The RPF check is run on the first sent packet of any new session.This is true because the RPF check is performed only once per session, on the first packet sent by either the client or the server, depending on the direction of the session initiation. This reduces the processing overhead and improves performance2