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DEShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_StandardDES is insecure due to the relatively short 56-bit key size. In January 1999, distributed.net and the Electronic Frontier Foundation collaborated to publicly break a DES key in 22 hours and 15 minutes.Incorrect answers:AES - has been adopted by the U.S. government and is now used worldwide. It supersedes the Data Encryption Standard (DES),which was published in 1977. The algorithm described by AES is a symmetric-key algorithm, meaning the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting the data.RSA - The security of RSA relies on the practical difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers, the 'factoring problem'. Breaking RSA encryption is known as the RSA problem. Whether it is as difficult as the factoring problem is an open question. There are no published methods to defeat the system if a large enough key is used.EC - Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC allows smaller keys compared to non-EC cryptography (based on plain Galois fields) to provide equivalent security.

Substitution box where input bits are replacedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-boxIn cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext --- Shannon's property of confusion.

MD6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD6The MD6 Message-Digest Algorithm is a cryptographic hash function. It uses a Merkle tree-like structure to allow for immense parallel computation of hashes for very long inputs. Authors claim a performance of 28 cycles per byte for MD6-256 on an Intel Core 2 Duo and provable resistance against differential cryptanalysis.[2] The source code of the reference implementation was released under MIT license.Speeds in excess of 1 GB/s have been reported to be possible for long messages on 16-core CPU architecture.In December 2008, Douglas Held of Fortify Software discovered a buffer overflow in the original MD6 hash algorithm's reference implementation. This error was later made public by Ron Rivest on 19 February 2009, with a release of a corrected reference implementation in advance of the Fortify Report.

512https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORK-256FORK-256 was introduced at the 2005 NIST Hash workshop and published the following year.[6] FORK-256 uses 512-bit blocks and implements preset constants that change after each repetition. Each block is hashed into a 256-bit block through four branches that divides each 512 block into sixteen 32-bit words that are further encrypted and rearranged

3DEShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_DESTriple DES (3DES) has a three different keys with same size (56-bit).Incorrect answers:AES. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.Blowfish. Blowfish has a 64-bit block size and a variable key length from 32 bits up to 448 bits.Skipjack. Skipjack uses an 80-bit key to encrypt or decrypt 64-bit data blocks.

plaintexthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlaintextIn cryptography, plaintext usually means unencrypted information pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms. Cleartext usually refers to data that is transmitted or stored unencrypted ('in clear').

AEShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_StandardAES is a subset of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen, who submitted a proposal to NIST during the AES selection processIncorrect answers:RC4. RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4 also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is a stream cipher. DH. Diffie--Hellman key exchange is a method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.RSA. RSA (Rivest--Shamir--Adleman) is one of the first public-key cryptosystems and is widely used for secure data transmission.

Chosen plaintexthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chosen-plaintext_attackA chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts. The goal of the attack is to gain information that reduces the security of the encryption scheme.Incorrect answers:Differential cryptanalysis - is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense, it is the study of how differences in information input can affect the resultant difference at the output. In the case of a block cipher, it refers to a set of techniques for tracing differences through the network of transformation, discovering where the cipher exhibits non-random behavior, and exploiting such properties to recover the secret key (cryptography key).Known-plaintext attack - (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib), and its encrypted version (ciphertext). These can be used to reveal further secret information such as secret keys and code books.Kasiski examination - (also referred to as Kasiski's test or Kasiski's method) is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigenre cipher. It was first published by Friedrich Kasiski in 1863, but seems to have been independently discovered by Charles Babbage as early as 1846. In polyalphabetic substitution ciphers where the substitution alphabets are chosen by the use of a keyword, the Kasiski examination allows a cryptanalyst to deduce the length of the keyword. Once the length of the keyword is discovered, the cryptanalyst lines up the ciphertext in n columns, where n is the length of the keyword. Then each column can be treated as the ciphertext of a monoalphabetic substitution cipher. As such, each column can be attacked with frequency analysis.

MD5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. Although MD5 was initially designed to be used as a cryptographic hash function, it has been found to suffer from extensive vulnerabilities. It can still be used as a checksum to verify data integrity, but only against unintentional corruption. It remains suitable for other non-cryptographic purposes, for example for determining the partition for a particular key in a partitioned database.MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321Incorrect answers:TIGER - hash. Created by Ross Anderson and Eli Baham. 192/160/128 bit output size, 512 bit block size, 53 bit word size, 24 rounds.SHA-1 - Secure Hashing Algorithm. Designed by NSA. 160 bit output size, 512 bit block size, 40 bit word size, 80 rounds.Keccak - SHA-3 (Secure Hash Algorithm 3) is the latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family of standards, released by NIST on August 5, 2015. SHA-3 is a subset of the broader cryptographic primitive family Keccak, designed by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michal Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche, building upon RadioGatn.